Pollution: Oil contamination, plastic waste, and other pollutants can damage mangrove habitats and affect the organisms that depend on them.

Deforestation and Unsustainable Harvesting: Excessive removal of mangrove trees can degrade habitats and undermine their ecological functions.

Coastal Development: Industrial expansion, land reclamation, and poorly planned development can destroy or fragment mangrove ecosystems.

Climate-Related Pressures: Sea-level rise and changing environmental conditions can threaten mangroves, particularly where there is insufficient space for forests to migrate inland.

Limited Awareness: When people do not understand the ecological and economic value of mangroves, support for their protection may be weakened.